New Page #42: Death of Joseph Warren

New Page #42!

The Americans make a chaotic retreat from the top of Bunker Hill.

Run for your lives! Literally. No, I mean it: Run, guys. Hurry. Book it. GET OUT OF THERE.

Once the British finally broke into the redoubt atop Breed’s Hill, chaotic fighting ensued. Most of the Americans casualties that day happened during the hasty retreat. Thomas Knowlton and his men were among among those covering the retreat from the bottom of the hill, enabling the last of the Americans to get out.

Thomas Knowlton wasn’t the only one to leave the battlefield late. Dr. Joseph Warren had been up in the redoubt was among the last to leave. He only made it about 30 yards outside of the redoubt before well…

June 17th, 1775. R.I.P. Joseph Warren.

Captain Walter Laurie, a British officer, wrote a letter a few days after the battle saying (now famously), “I was employed as the officer commanding the detachment to bury the dead, a most disagreeable piece of duty… Doctor Warren, President of the Provincial Congress, and Captain General, in the absence of Hancock and Adams, and next to Adams, in abilities, I found among the slain, and stuffed the scoundrel with another rebel, into one hole, and there he, and his seditious Principles may remain.”

I visited Dr. Warren at Forrest Hills Cemetery, his current resting place, last summer.

Supposedly Warren was wearing a fancy silk waistcoat when he died, and had a book of Psalms tucked into it which a British soldier stole but later returned to the family. I was able to see this book, known as the “Warren Bible,” at the Massachusetts Historical Society. It’s quite small (only a few inches across) and ancient. The pages all stick together and I felt anxious holding the binding open to take photographs. The cover is a beautiful, stamped leather– similar to this. Holding that thing in my hand, wondering if it had really been right next to Joseph Warren’s heart as it stopped beating…?

(I love that little psalter so much it has shown up in my dreams.)

Though Warren’s commission as Major General was not yet active, he would have been the senior officer present at Bunker Hill. He arrived late, however, showing up after the fighting had started, at which point he deferred command to Col. Prescott who had been in charge all morning. Warren went into the redoubt to join the others fighting there. Legend has it, he fought as a mere private. My guess, however, is that he called the shots more than a little. The guy liked to have his hands in things. And he was used to being in charge.

(I could be totally wrong. Do not write that into your history term papers…)

Well, if you visit Bunker Hill, it is Colonel Prescott’s statue which stands proudly in front of the monument, sword in hand, ready for action. Exactly where it belongs. You can find Dr. Warren in marble inside the visitors center.

There are pictures of them in my last blog post, my Anime Boston 2012 write up. If you missed it, go check it out: pictures, video clips, sketches and more!

I figure you’re all a little sad right now. So here’s something to cheer you up:

VOTE to download a Warren Brothers Wallpaper for your desktop!

Vote for The Dreamer history comic!

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112 Responses to New Page #42: Death of Joseph Warren

  1. AnaRomae says:

    …I was listening to Elrond’s monologue on Arwen’s fate from The Two Towers (I have it on my iPod because it’s kind of my favorite moment in film history ever.) Anyways, that came on as I viewed this page…it may have resulted in some ugly crying…both the page and Hugo’s voice…*sniffle* well done, Lora…

  2. Brent says:

    Nooo, nooo, no no no, no, nooooo…..

    *cries in a corner*

    Joseph….why you gotta be dead? Why couldn’t you be a highlander like Connor McLeod?

    • David says:

      Well, even if he had been, in the end there can be only ONE, so he would have had to take on McLeod and his katana eventually. How do you think THAT would have come out?

      • Brent says:

        He’s Joseph Warren. He would win no matter what.

      • Brent says:

        Besides, if you think about it, Connor let Duncan take him without a figh that one time, and Joseph could definitely take that longhair down, so really it’s even easier than all that.

        • David says:

          I can see you’re a devout Josephite. :D Still, you may have something there. Do you think Joseph would use a katana or a broadsword? or maybe a sabre like Knowlton’s? And wouldn’t the solemn Hippocratic oath he took as a doctor get in the way? Not that it really did before…

          • Lora says:

            …I got to hold his sword. Can’t post pics online but I held it. At least, it is his alleged Bunker Hill sword. It’s light, like a rapier, not a thick saber like Knowlton’s. And there’s beautiful engravings all over the blade.

          • David says:

            Hmmm… Rapier vs. a katana or broadsword? Gee, I dunno… Unless Joseph was extremely quick and nimble his sword would probably get snapped like a toothpick.

          • Sam1775 says:

            Yes, I was present when Lora channeled Joseph while holding the Sword of Bunker Hill. I was there as archivists took it out of the vault of the Massachusetts Historical Society, from which it rarely sees the light of day. It is an 18th century men’s dress sword, which is to say one having a straight, thin blade designed for trusting, like a sportsman’s foil or epee, rather than a heavier, curved saber as would be used by cavalry and infantry officers. At that point the Americans were ill supplied and had a vast miscellany of personally supplied guns and other weapons.
            I have a spooky story, which I will share on Halloween for those of such inclination, about that sword. The fact that the provenance of the sword is not ironclad, adds to the mystery.

          • Brent says:

            “It’s not the size that counts! It’s how you use it!”

            (Robin Hood: Men in Tights……best Robin Hood movie ever)

  3. Caera says:

    *whimper*

    Lora did you have to do this to me tonight. I was already miserable enough.

  4. Kimberly says:

    I knew it was coming, but still. STILL. Ugh.

    The wallpaper helps a little, but not enough to keep me from gross sobbing right now.

    I’m going to go clutch my Joseph Warren biography and cry myself to sleep.

  5. Tess says:

    Totally teary-eyed. This is so abrupt, though obviously expected – very powerful, Lora. But, where’s the infamous red line of death? Without that, I’m not convinced Joseph is dead yet! ;P

    • Lora says:

      ha ha ha! Red Line = Red Shirt?

      Perhaps if we’d been on site a few minutes earlier we would have witnessed the line. I think it shows up at the moment one receives the fatal shot…? Knowlton lived a few more pages after he got his.

      But I’m no doctor. I think we’ll have to defer to Dr. Forman on this one.

      • Sam1775 says:

        The ORO continues to puzzle physicians and scientists. Some doubt its existence. Others concede its appearance, based upon the testimony of one Ms. Lora Innes. If it does exist as a transient and dramatic visual sign, what does it mean? Knowlton’s was associated with a serious wound in battle, from which he died in short order. Alan Warren’s ORO appeared when he lost consciousness from an acute pulmonary ailment. Yet young Warren did not then expire. Currently he is the subject of Beatrice’s and cousin John Warren’s attentions. He seems to be on the cusp of something, wherein he sees dead people.

        • Tamesin says:

          *LIKE*

        • Brent says:

          IIIIIIII needed that. :-)

        • Tess says:

          Ah-mazing :D

        • Half Moon says:

          *like* reading this I thought of a few things: 1: could the line appear at the time of physical trauma? 2: (this one is a lil morbid) wasn’t the shot a little more, uh, “visible” on Joe’s face? 3: Alan can now go around saying “I see dead people” and 4: Going with the religious aspect of both myself and Alan’s character…Joseph=Alans Gaurdian Angel?????????????

          • l&clark#1 says:

            *LIKE*

          • David says:

            A very plausible theory. It could explain certain things.

          • Lora says:

            Is that like the Starbuck / Apollo ending to Battlestar Galactica? I was so not satisfied by that. I wanted them to get a happy-ever-after.

          • Sam1775 says:

            Ms. Moon, You are a systematic, medically oriented thinker! Dr. John W. will need such people in the rumored upcoming Continental hospital service. re: #1 What physical trauma did Alan suffer coincident with his ORO. If it were from falling in a faint, a more common occurence, wouldn’t we see a lot more ORO’s and benign outcomes? #2 Entry bullet wounds can sometimes be deceptively benign looking. If someone is dirty, say from black powder smoke and bloodied from miscellaneous scrapes and bruises, it could be missed as a catastrophic fatal stroke. Such misleading visuals do not occur with exit wounds.

          • Half Moon says:

            @ Lora: umm….no hablo Battlestar Galactica, so i don’t think so. I don’t know what Alan’s religion alows pertaining to angels, but in my faith I believe it’s very likely Joe would’ve came back to watch over his family.
            @ Sam1775: #1: A violent coughing fit after already exasting himself in battle? That coupled with the emotional trauma of seeing a good friend wounded and then die? #2: ok…I get it now lol. Though I did know that thing about exit wounds…Thank you NCIS
            Also I’m not sure John would like me too much…I’m more hard headed than Bea, and would give him a swift kick the first time he’s a jerk to me. ;D or wait, maybe he /would/ like that

          • Sam1775 says:

            @Half Moon You are advancing our knowledge of ORO! Perhaps there is hope for at least some of those afflicted.

  6. Esile Sonia says:

    NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!

    It was a foregone conclusion, but that last panel still stopped my heart.

    It’s working again now though. :D

  7. Sarah says:

    I guess he was more of a thinker and not a fighter, he didn’t last very long….

    • Lora says:

      I don’t know about that. I just think he thought he was invincible. Or was brave to the point of being recklessness. At Lexington two months earlier he had been in the thick of the battle all day long, and had his ear lock (the curl of hair by his ear) shot off by a musket ball.

      I think if there was fighting to be had, he was going to be in the middle of it. Thomas Knowlton was the same way. Unfortunately, when you’re at the front like that things like this become increasingly likely.

    • Tamesin says:

      And if historical records are accurate, Joseph had been in bed with a migraine that morning. What kind of crazy guy with a migraine thinks “I know, I’ll go out in the midday sun with smoke in the air and guns and cannons going off!”? Of course, there is that stage called post-migraine euphoria (had it myself) where you feel invincible. Combine that with Joseph’s overall everyday feelings of invincibility, and there’s no doubt he’d run off to the hill. If only that migraine had been just a little worse…

      • Lora says:

        ….was there a migraine, Tammy?

        (Sam needs to write another book, lol.)

        • Tamesin says:

          I’ve run into a few references to a pre-Bunker Hill headache: first time was in Forbes’ Paul Revere and the World He Lived In, and more recently in The Whites of Their Eyes by Paul Lockhart (which came out in 2011). Lockhart refers to Joseph waking up “that morning with a pounding migraine… for most of the morning Warren would be useless, confined to bed in the old college steward’s house while he tried to nurse his throbbing head” (page 230). He wakes up on page 260, sips some chamomile tea, and leaves for Charlestown with his student David Townsend. There are no endnotes for these vignettes, so I don’t know if Lockhart is borrowing from “common knowledge” or has some other source. I could ask him, though – we’re friends on Facebook. I’ve also heard conflicting stories of which student accompanied Joseph to the hill; in the past, I’ve always heard it was Will Eustis, but here Townsend is cited. Could just be more of that Warren Mythology that floats around.
          But I wouldn’t discount the migraine theory. I think that would be the only thing that could keep Joseph down.

          • Lora says:

            Oh, yes, it is the story everyone knows and believes!

            There’s actually a little scene I have written where Alan visits Joseph while he’s laid up with a migraine in the days before the battle. I had to cut it though, because this issue was way too long.

            Sam has a different theory though. Didn’t find its way into his book…

          • Sam1775 says:

            Tamesin, I suppose Lockhart has two sources for the headaches: Proceedings of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress note Joseph being late at one point, giving as an excuse a headache he had to deal with. This seems to have been accepted in a way that suggests it was common knowledge. Dr. Townsend recorded years later meeting his former medical mentor in Cambridge the morning of June 17th, where Joseph was recovering from a headache. He goes on to relate the story as you have summarized it. The migraine aspect is a reasonable, modern interpolation. But it is unknown exactly what kind of headaches afflicted Joseph.
            Dr. Townsend was also a party to goings-on in Dedham. See p. 185 and accompanying notes in the new Warren bio. So Townsend being the sole written source for Joseph on the morning of June 17th may be a bit suspect. This is a PG venue, so let’s leave it at that.

          • David says:

            What exactly did 18th century people use to treat migraine headaches, anyway?

          • Sam1775 says:

            David, a range of treatments were in use involving both home remedies and things a doctor or pharmacist would prescribe. Tying a bandana tight across the forehead is found in Shakespeare and might have still been in self-care in Colonial New England. Works for tension headaches. Chamomile tea and tincture of morphia show up often in Joseph Warren’s account books. Some of those episodes of use must have been for headache. Causes of headache that are now common knowledge – tension, cluster, migraine, secondary to sinus problems, allergies, high blood pressure, etc., etc., were unknown then. Despite that, some measures worked empirically. For example, applying the lancet or the leech to reduce sanguinary excess from a pounding headache due to high blood pressure, will reduce the headache. Drs. Warren and colleagues did not measure blood pressure in common clinical practice, but spent a lot of energy qualitatively describing one’s pulse as a proxy for the status of one’s blood (one of the four humors). I do not recommend trying the bleeding part at home.

  8. Hannah says:

    Ugh, now I have no motivation to finish my research paper because my heart has been buried with feels *gross sobbing*

    This is such a sad page, and it’s awful, but I also kind of love it. It just hits you in the face with the chaos and terror that whole battle probably was, and then– right at the end where it kills you– is the famous Joseph Warren, lying dead like any other soldier.

    Okay, I’m gonna go off into a corner and cry some more now :(

  9. Rae says:

    wow so much blood on this page, it’s really something!

  10. Albone says:

    Uh, damn that last panel kicks like a ninja. Very cool.

    But yay for the voting incentive!!!

  11. The last panel made me cry to tears and that is the saddest page ever.

  12. Faith says:

    Thanks for the wallpaper. It does help. Just a little, bity…. WAAAAAAHH!! D’:

  13. That is an amazing panel sequence. Lots of hard work paid off; it turned out beautiful and definitely hits all the raw emotional levels. This comic is an entertainment that also makes the reader appreciate the lives and sacrifices of the people who shaped this country. Fantastic job!

  14. Sam1775 says:

    Abigail Adams to her husband John, June 18-20, 1775:
    “Dearest Friend,
    The Day; perhaps the decisive Day is come on which the fate of America depends. My bursting Heart must find vent at my pen. I have just heard that our dear Friend Dr. Warren is no more but fell gloriously fighting for his Country — saying better to die honourably in the field than ignominiously hang upon the Gallows. Great is our Loss. He has distinguished himself in every engagement, by his courage and fortitude, by animating the Soldiers and leading them on by his own example. A particuliar account of these dreadful, but I hope Glorious Days will be transmitted you, no doubt in the exactest manner…”

  15. Jen says:

    Oh. My. God.

    He…. he’s not really dead, right? He just needs a really big Band-Aid! Right? RIGHT!?!?

    *cries*

    That aside, the artwork on this page is absolutely amazing. Amazing.

    • Lora says:

      A big bandaid and a defibrillator, perhaps….?

    • Sam1775 says:

      Jen, sadly, even today such a wound would be rapidly fatal. If a projectile crosses the midline in the brain, basic functions like breathing are severed. I will spare you the gory details. Even a dramatic recovery like that of Gabrielle Giffords was from a severe wound impacting only one side of the head.

  16. I went to bed fairly early last night, but when I woke up I had a text from Caera saying “Don’t read the update yet.” While I’ve been expecting it to come up very soon, this is rough. I think it was almost harder to see just the aftermath of the battle than to have actually seen a scene where the bullet hit.

    I have to admit though, that smile on the wallpaper brightened my day and was up instantly. It’s beautiful!!

    • Lora says:

      Well, this issue is Alan’s story. So we see everything from his POV, and the moments that were most important to him.

      That being said, this *is* Bunker Hill so I wanted to show at least this moment, and Friday’s page as well. If there was one defining moment in our hero Alan Warren’s life that set him on the course we find him in back in issue #1, it is Bunker Hill and what we see right here. *sniff* So I thought it was okay to break format for just two pages.

  17. Tamesin says:

    Guh! Wah! And other 3-letter words that end in “H”. How am I supposed to do storytime for 2-year-olds after reading this?
    But beautifully done as always, Lora.

  18. Sam1775 says:

    “Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.” – Joseph Warren to a friend on the evening prior to the battle. Joseph was quoting the ancient Roman poet Horace, from Odes II in Latin as his Harvard friends often did to one another. Translation: It is sweet and proper to die for one’s country.

    • AnaRomae says:

      One of the first phrases I ever learned in latin class! Beautiful set of words in the Latin…solemn in English. …

      • Sam1775 says:

        You would fit right in at Harvard in Warren’s Class of ’59. Studying and quoting Classical authors in Latin and sometimes Greek were par for the courses. But they might have given you a hard time as a woman. Not much action on that one at Harvard until the 20th century.
        Maybe 18th c. Beatrice could make room for you in her dancing and sewing classes in the meantime.

  19. Niki says:

    Would it be really bad if I commented only on how accurate and bloody you made dear Warren look…?

    Nah. Poooooooor Joe… :( </3
    Oh well. At least we didn't have to watch him get shot like Knowlton…

  20. KitakLaw says:

    I was wondering what you were going to do with this, and then when we get to the last panel, I’m like, “….crap just hit the fan, huh.”

    I couldn’t look for more than a second or two there, so…don’t expect an in-depth comment from me. But given that, I daresay that whatever it was you were trying to do, Lora, it succeeded.

    Yeesh…I started this comic knowing that I’d have to deal with what happened to Nathan, but you just keep adding to the list!

    Comic page aside, I loved reading about the artifacts and the Bunker Hill Monument. I remember trying to find Joseph Warren’s memorial (because I knew it was there SOMEWHERE, but not where) and then just stepping into that little building, sneaking past the staff because I had no intention of climbing the obelisk and then…well, you’ve seen it, so you can guess what happened next. I think I spent way too much time there for someone who’s from Canada and who grew up learning about the Revolutionary War from the other side. But…maybe the stories of these people just do that to you.

    • Sam1775 says:

      Some British, even during the Revolutionary War, had sympathetic words about Joseph Warren. This printed in London in 1780: “This gentleman, who was rendered conspicuous by his general merit, abilities and eloquence, had been one of the delegates to the first general [not true, but Warren's Suffolk Resolves were adopted whole cloth as the policy of the First Continental Congress in September 1774], and was at this time president of the provincial congress; but quitting the peaceable walk of his profession as a physician, and breaking through the endearing ties of family satisfaction, he showed himself equally calculated for the field [of battle], as for public business or private study, and shed his blood gallantly in, what he deemed, the service of his country.”

  21. Julie says:

    I’m going to ignore today’s page and the pending depression it will cause in favor of pointing out that my computer miraculously survived having all of the Warren boys on one screen in the VI. :)

    Yep…still pretending I didn’t see today’s page…

  22. Julie says:

    Denial is good sometimes.

  23. Sam1775 says:

    “And now ensued one of the greatest scenes of war that can be conceived: if we look to the height, Howe’s corps ascending the hill in the face of entrenchments, and in a very disadvantageous ground, was much engaged; and to the left the enemy pouring in fresh troops by thousands, over the land; and in the arm of the sea our ships and floating batteries cannonading them: strait before us a large and a noble town in one great blaze; the church steeples, being of timber, were great pyramids of fire above the rest; behind us the church steeples and heights of our own camp covered with spectators of the rest of our army which was not engaged; the hills round the country covered with spectators; the enemy all anxious suspence; the roar of cannon, mortars, and musquetry; the crush of churches, ships upon the stocks, and whole streets falling together in ruin, to fill the ear; the storm of the redoubts, with the objects above described, to fill the eye; and the reflection that perhaps a defeat was a final loss to the British empire in America, to fill the mind; made the whole a picture and a complication of horror and importance beyond any thing that ever came to my lot to be witness to.” British General Burgoyne to Lord Stanley, from a letter of June 25, 1775.

  24. Half Moon says:

    i’m not gonna cry…i’m not gonna cry….i’m not gonna cry…..*breaks into tears* WHY!?!?!?

    • Dana says:

      *comforts, gives hot cocoa* If anyone’s over 21, maybe we need to add something stronger to the cocoa?

    • Sam1775 says:

      “But a cloud was cast over every face by the death of the intrepid Major General Joseph Warren, who, to the inexpressible grief of his countrymen, lost his life in the memorable action usually styled the Battle of Bunker Hill… The name of Warren will be enrolled at the head of that band of patriots and heroes, who sacrificed their lives to purchase the independence of America” – Mercy Otis Warren.

      • Half Moon says:

        Mercy……Otis……Warren……<3<3<3

        • Dana says:

          As a history buff, I feel properly ashamed for asking, but… who’s Mercy Otis Warren?

          • Sam1775 says:

            Dana, questions are not dumb, but answers can be sometimes. Mercy Otis Warren wrote patriotic plays, poems, and was a friend and correspondent of many biggies of the period. Her History of the American Revolution (published around 1803) puts her among the first and earliest rank of American historians. Though having no formal offices, as was denied women in those days, she yielded considerable influence. We call women like her Daughters of Liberty, though they were more an informal network of patriotic women than a formal club. This Mercy was the sister of early patriot James Otis. Her husband James, a very distant cousin of the Warrens in The Dreamer, succeeded Joseph Warren as president of the third Massachusetts provincial congress. Mercy Otis Warren knew ‘our’ Joseph Warren personally.

          • Brent says:

            so, she was like a………second cousin twice removed, or something?

          • Lora says:

            LOL, Brent.

  25. trevor says:

    Well, so much for that plan. Where’s the reset button for this video game called “life,” so I can start over from the last checkpoint?

  26. Sheri says:

    Love the Wallpaper!!!! Totally sweet panel but sad day!

  27. Amber says:

    I.. I have no words. Sad.. So sad. Joseph! RIP! Patriot, father, and friend. It is so sad that he left behind four young children. Alright, I shorted the computer.;

    • Sam1775 says:

      Amber, we feel your pain.
      Imagine how Joseph’s fiancee felt. Nine months afterward she could hardly deal with his absence. She writes to a friend, “I go from place to place in the house as if I was searching for something with great eagerness, and then return with a dejected heart and disappointment seated on my brow. I look upon the wreck of my poor friend’s furniture that papa took into his care, with weeping eyes, but check the hasty torrent as quick as I can lest I should be observed;and return to company with a smile on my face, but with heart bleeding. I see every moment faces that I know, but the one I would give the world to behold is not visible among the group, and I turn from them dissatisfied. I have seen none that beheld the breathless clay [i.e. she had not spoken directly to someone who saw Joseph killed. Or perhaps she had not yet seen this issue of The Dreamer.] and though wondered at, still doubt [that he is indeed dead]. Pity my weakness, my friend, but don’t expose my folly.”

      • Amber says:

        That is so sad! Sorry, that is all I can say over and over again. Poor Mercy! :(
        Thanks for sharing that! I also heard that Joseph’s mother would devote herself to prayer and fasting annually at the anniversary of her son’s death. Paul Revere also named his son Joseph Warren Revere.
        He truly was a beloved man well known and loved in his community. (And in the Dreamer Comic.)

        • Sam1775 says:

          Amber, you know this story well of Paul Revere’s and Mrs. Mary Stevens Warren’s remembrances. Mercy had a hard time of it. No man ever replaced Joseph in her heart. She died fifty years later, outliving three of four of Warren’s orphaned children (and even then only by a week or so) she fought so hard to nurture. Miss Mercy Scollay: unsung Daughter of Liberty, September 11, 1741 to January 8, 1826.

  28. Scott M says:

    Since Brent is understandably overcome, or maybe feels he already did this one yesterday, here’s my attempt at a caption:

    “…That’s good, that’s good. John, swing your shoulder a little this way please? No, other shoulder..good And then Alan, if you could bring your arm around in front a bit more – right. Gents in the back, squeeze in some if you can – cuddle up, you are family after all – good. Sam, that means you too. Closer, closer…oh well, good enough. Could you at least try to smile, Sam? You’ll want to keep this picture you know. Come on, just a little bit. Think about your favourite tree on the farm. Oh, nope, that didn’t work. Come on back. Look this way, over here. Hmm. I have a tea cozy, how about that? No? Would it help if I wore it on my head? Boogaboogabooga! …Nothing. Hm. Oh well, let’s go for it. Smile, gents! Watch the cozy…there! Nicely done. I’ll get some copies of that for you right away.”

    …Apparently I’m not nearly as good at being pithy. I only had a few of those comments in mind to start with, but that happened anyway. There you have it.

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